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Choctaw Native Americans - The USGenWeb Census Project
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Choctaw Native Americans - Dawes - The USGenWeb Census Project
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NIH-Funded Native American Study Finds Gene Site Associated With ...
...century-old tribal records has identified a chromosomal site associated with the connective tissue disease scleroderma in Oklahoma Choctaw Native Americans. ...

Final Rolls (Dawes) ~ Native American Genealogy
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Mississippi Choctaw Native American Genealogy Resource Center
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Native American Resources
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OKChoctaw. A mailing list for anyone researching their Native American Choctaw ancestors who were removed from Mississippi to Oklahoma. ...

The African
Cherokee Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves. Choctaw-Chickasaw Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves. ... The African-Native American Bookstore. ...

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Choctaw History at A Journey Past
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Native Americans - Choctaw
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Yahoo! Directory United States > Native American > Choctaw Nation
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Beginning Native American Research
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The Choctaw Nation
I belonged. I said, "Dad my Grandfather is Native American." and he said yes. We are of the Cherokee and Choctaw Nations. I asked ...

Cyndi's List - Native American
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NATIVE NASHVILLE ONLINE NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGE TUTOR - Choctaw
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Native Americans of Oklahoma and their world
Kristi's Choctaw Pages - with links of interest to Choctaw and other Native American peoples. The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. ...

Native American Books
Made & Enacted by the Choctaw Legislature 1887 (Constitutions & Laws of the American Indian tribe. The Cultural Transformation of a Native American Family and ...

Native American Tribes and Cultures
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Native American Ancestry - Indian Heritage & Genealogy - American ...
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Free Genealogy
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NATIVE AMERICANS Choctaw, -Native Americans- Click arrow to choose. Citizens of the state ...

Homework Help--Countries & Native Peoples--Native Americans Today
Flags of the Native Peoples of the United States ... WWW Virtual Library - American Indians Part of the WWW ... Choctaw The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma The official Web ...

Home Pages for Individual Native Americans
Sioux Whispering Eagle Lummi Arlene White Mohave White Buffalo Choctaw Kim White ... Tragic Story of Louis Francis Sockalexis, the First Native American in Major ...

Native American Indian Myth and Folklore - Choctaw - Choctaw Corn ...
Learn about Choctaw Native American Indian Myth and Folklore, Native American Culture, Native American history, religion, spirituality, and mythology. ...

Choctaw Dreams
...is a site representing a confederation of 24 tribes including the Mississippi Band of Choctaw and the Jena (LA) Band of Choctaw. Native American Courage and ...

20000-NAMES.COM: Female Native American Names
ATEPA: Choctaw name meaning "wigwam ...

Native American Indian Baby Names
Pilan, supreme essence, Native American, Boy. Poloma, bow, Choctaw Indian, Girl. Sahale, above, Native American, Boy. Sakari, sweet, Native American, Girl. ...

Native American Genealogy
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Choctaw
Choctaw, Native American tribe of the Muskogean linguistic family, originally occupying an area that now includes Georgia, Alabama, and southern Mississippi ...

American Indian Language Resources
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Choctaw Indian - Links and Resources
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ABCgenealogy: Ethnic/Native_American
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Google Directory - Society > Ethnicity > The Americas > Indigenous ...
American Indian Dolls - http://www.authameriindiandolls.com/ Contemporary handmade dolls for sale from by Choctaw sculptor Marion Springer. ...

Genealogy Resources on the Internet - WWW/American Indian
Includes Native Americans of Mexico and Central America. ... Band of Cherokee Indians WWW http://www.uark.edu/depts/comminfo/UKB/welcome.html Choctaw Indian http ...

History of Vegetarianism - Native Americans and Vegetarianism
It is not representative of most Native Americans of today or yesterday ... Among my own people, the Choctaw Indians of Mississippi and Oklahoma, vegetables are the ...

The Seeker, Site Seeking - Native American Sites
The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Cyndi's List of Native American Sites If you can't find what you are looking for here, you probably don't need it! ...

GenHelp :: Genealogy Help at Your Fingertips
United States Provided on AccessGenealogy is the following manuscript depicting life as it was among the Choctaw Native Americans. ...

InterTRIBAL.net - Links to Native American Tribes and Resources
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NATIVE AMERICAN DATABASE
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The Choctaws are a Native American people originally from the southeast United States (Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana). In the nineteenth century, they were known as one of the "Five Civilized Tribes," so-called because they had integrated a number of cultural and technological "practices" of Europeans. The Choctaws are famous for their extreme generosity in providing famine relief during the Irish Potato Famine.

Pre-history

One creation story holds that the Choctaws emerged from the ground at a cave near Nanih Waiya. Another holds that it was the site on which a sacred "guiding pole" stood erect - a sign that they had arrived in the promised land.

Nanih Waiya is in Winston County, Mississippi about ten miles southeast of Noxapater. As a State Park it is now in the protection of the State of Mississippi.

Early history

The Choctaw were no doubt a part of the Mississippian culture in the Mississippi river valley. At the time that the Spanish made their first forays into the gulf shores, the political centers of the Missisppians were already in decline or gone. The region is best described as a collection of moderately-sized Native chiefdoms (such as those on the Coosa and Alabama rivers) interspersed with completely autonomous villages and tribal groups. This is what the earliest Spanish explorers encoutnered, beginning in 1519.

In 1528, Pánfilo de Narváez travelled through what was likely the Mobile Bay area, encountering Indians who fled and burned their towns in response to the Spaniard’s approach. This response was a prelude to Hernando de Soto’s extensive journeys in 1540 to 1543. De Soto travelled up through Florida, and then down into the Alabama-Mississippi area that later was inhabited by the Choctaw. Reading between the lines of his accounts of Native interactions provides a region full of tribes of various sizes and with various degrees of control over neighboring areas.

The impact of European is unclear. Reports of De Soto’s journeys do not describe illness among his men, although pigs traveling with them often escaped and may have been excellent vectors for dangerous microbes. The two subsequent brief forays into the Southeast by Tristán de Luna y Aellano in 1559 and Juan Pardo in 1565-1567 do not provide any evidence for widespread epidemics. After Pardo, the historical picture ends. There would be no official European contact in the area at all for more than a century, and during that time the group identities of the region completely transformed.

The first direct contact recorded between the Choctaw and a European was with Moyne d’Iberville in 1699; however, indirect contact no doubt occurred between the Choctaw and English settlers through other tribes, including the Creek and Chickasaw. Illegal fur trading may have led to further unofficial contact. Unfortunately, the archaeological record for this period between 1567 and 1699 is not complete or well-studied, but there are similarities in pottery coloring and burials that suggest the following scenario for the emergence of the distinctive Choctaw culture: the Choctaw region (generally located between the Natchez bluffs to the south and the Yazoo basin to the north) was slowly occupied by Burial Urn people from the Bottle Creek area in the Mobile delta, along with remnants of the Moundville chiefdom that had collapsed some years before. Facing severe depopulation, they fled westward, where they combined with the Plaquemine and a group of “prairie people” living near the area. When precisely this occurred is not entirely clear, but in the space of several generations, a new culture had been born (albeit with a strong Mississippian background).

During the American Revolutionary War, Choctaw scouts served under Generals George Washington, Daniel Morgan, Anthony Wayne, and John Sullivan. Some Choctaw scouts served with General Wayne again in the Northwest Indian War. During the American Civil War, the Choctaws sided with the southern states.

George Washington’s Indian Policy was used to “civilize” Indians. He believed that Indians were equals, but believed their society was inferior. The 6 points plan includes: 1) impartial justice toward Indians, 2) regulated buying Indian lands, 3) promoted commerce, 4) promoted experiments to civilize Indians, 5) give the president authority to give them “presents”, and finally 6) provided punishments to those who violate Indian rights. The Choctaws agreed to this policy.

Treaties

Nine treaties were signed between the Choctaws and the United States between the years of 1786 and 1830. The last treaty was the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek (1830). The treaty signed away the remaining traditional homeland of the Choctaw to the United States. Article 14 of that treaty allowed for some Choctaws to remain in the state of Mississippi:

"ART. XIV. Each Choctaw head of a family being desirous to remain and become a citizen of the States, shall be permitted to do so, by signifying his intention to the Agent within six months from the ratification of this Treaty, and he or she shall thereupon be entitled to a reservation of one section of six hundred and forty acres of land, to be bounded by sectional lines of survey; in like manner shall be entitled to one half that quantity for each unmarried child which is living with him over ten years of age; and a quarter section to such child as may be under 10 years of age, to adjoin the location of the parent. If they reside upon said lands intending to become citizens of the States for five years after the ratification of this Treaty, in that case a grant in fee simple shall issue; said reservation shall include the present improvement of the head of the family, or a portion of it. Persons who claim under this article shall not lose the privilege of a Choctaw citizen, but if they ever remove are not to be entitled to any portion of the Choctaw annuity."

Those Choctaws who were "forcibly removed" to the Indian territory in the 1830s were organized as the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Those who signed under article 14 of the Treaty of Dancing Rabit Creek later formed the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. In 1831, tens of thousands of Choctaw walked the 800km journey to Oklahoma and more than half died. They later called this journey the "Trail of Tears".

Irish famine aid

In 1847, midway through the Irish famine, a group of Choctaws collected $710 and sent it to help starving Irish men, women and children. "It had been just 16 years since the Choctaw people had experienced the trail of Tears, and they had faced starvation . . . . It was an amazing gesture. By today's standards, it might be a million dollars." according to Judy Allen, editor of the Choctaw Nation's newspaper, Bishinik, based at the tribal headquarters in Durant, Okla. To mark the 150th anniversary, eight Irish people retraced the Trail of Tears [1].

Original Code Talkers

Choctaw code talkers in World War IIn World War I, a group of Choctaws serving in the U.S. Army used their native language as a code. They were the forerunner to Native Americans from various nations, most notably the Navajo, who were used as radio operators, or code talkers, during World War II.

Recent history

The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (MBCI) has one of the largest casinos located near Philadelphia, Mississippi. The Silver Star Casino opened its doors in 1994. The Gold Moon Casino opened in 2002. The casinos are collectivelly known as the Pearl River Resort.

"[Jack] Abramoff and partner Michael Scanlon inflated expenses and divided the profits from $15 million in payments from the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, according to testimony and e- mails released at a Senate Indian Affairs Committee hearing." (Bloomberg Website)

"Choctaw Chief Phillip Martin did not testify, but released a prepared statement to the committee. 'After we learned what happened, we were astounded that a senior director at a major law firm would or could engage in misconduct of this sort -- whether as regards [to] billing fabrication or as regards [to] the more egregious "gimme five" scheme -- and that he was able to get away with it for so long.'" (Washington Post Website)

U.S. Senator John McCain stated during a June 22, 2005 hearing that some of the money contributed by the tribe was unknowingly "funneled" to various people and organizations, like an Israeli sniper school instructor.

Famous Americans who reportedly claim Choctaw ancestry include Roy Rogers (Western film actor), Brett Favre (NFL quarterback), James Meredith (the first person of African American heritage to attend the University of Mississippi), and Jessica Biel (actress).

Location

The Choctaw Reservation in Mississippi has 8 communities: Bogue Chitto, Bogue Homa, Conehatta, Crystal Ridge, Pearl River, Red Water, Tucker, and Standing Pine. These communities are located throughout the state like a chain of "islands."

Most Choctaws moved to Oklahoma during the removal period. However, a good many remain in their homeland of Mississippi.

Culture

Stickball

Stickball, the oldest field sport in America, was also know as the "little brother of war" because of its roughness and substitution for war. When disputes arouse between Choctaw communities, stickball provided a peaceful way to settle the issue. The earliest reference to stickball was in 1729 by a Jesuit priest. The stickball games would involve as few as twenty or as many as 300 players. With the goal posts any way from a few hundred feet apart to a few miles.

"The nature of the playing field was never strictly defined. The only boundaries were the two goalposts at either end of the playing area and these could be anywhere from 100 feet to five miles apart, as was the case in one game in the 19th century" (Kendall Blanchard, The Mississippi Choctaws at Play: The Serious Side of Leisure)

The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians still play stickball. Every year at the Choctaw Indian Fair near Philadelphia, Mississippi it can be seen. Choctaw